St. Louis, MO is home to several
architectural gems from the Mid-Century Modern era. The city recently conducted
a “windshield” property survey of over 2,000 non-residential buildings constructed
between 1945 and 1970. The Cultural Resource Office of St. Louis is
highlighting a selective survey & inventory of 200 significant properties
with input from PMA and the public to help develop a master list of 25 of the
most significant Mid-Century Modern masterpieces.
Surveying these architecturally
significant structures gives a voice to a past era that still directly
influences us today. St. Louis’s built
heritage from the Mid-Century Modern era showcases structures from
internationally recognized architects that revolutionized architecture and
design throughout the 20th century.
A Legacy of Modern Architectural
Design
The post-World War II era in the United States saw the acceptance
and rise of Modern Movement Architecture across urban areas. Contributing
factors to this development included the impact of the auto industry on the
built environment, a more cost-conscious public and government, and technological
advances in construction materials and methods.. In addition to these factors,
St. Louis was home to the prestigious school of architecture at Washington
University. The school had diverse and international students and teachers that
contributed to some of the most prolific designs of modern architecture.
When discussing St. Louis Mid-Century Modern architectural design
three architects stand out: W.A. Sarmiento, Gyo Obata, and Minoru Yamasaki.
Their designs were sleek, yet whimsical, and made St. Louis globally recognized
for its modern architectural designs.
W.A. Sarmiento is an internationally regarded architect who designed
some of the most prolific buildings in the city of St. Louis. A native of Peru,
Sarmiento began as a draftsman for Oscar Niemeyer. In 1952 he accepted a
position with the Bank Building & Equipment Corporation in St. Louis. From
1952 through 1964, Sarmiento revolutionized the design and function of banking
facilities. Ten years after working for the Bank Building & Equipment
Corporation, Sarmiento left after J.B. Gander’s death and formed his own
company. W.A. Sarmiento Architects expanded to included offices in St. Louis,
Phoenix, and San Francisco. Sarmiento closed his practice in 1978 and left
behind a legacy of modern architectural design including the saved American
Automobile Association (AAA) Building (1976), the Chancery of the Archdiocese
of St. Louis (1962), and the Jefferson Bank and Trust Building (1955).
The St. Louis Science Center James S. McDonnell Planetarium (1963), was
designed by the local firm of Hellmuth, Obata, & Kassabaum (HOK), with
Obata as lead designer. HOK was founded in 1955, and to this day is a global
leader in architectural design. Their practice began by designing schools in
suburbs of St. Louis, and by the 1960s it had grown and began to open offices nationally,
with their first international branch opening in 1984. Obata was the lead
designer of the Saint Louis Science Center Planetarium along with other notable
St. Louis buildings. The building has a visually striking and expressive shape,
somewhat reminiscent of a nuclear power plant tower. It is a thin concrete
shell structure, hyperboloid in section. This architectural design is a premiere
example of thin-shell concrete contemporary design.
Minoru Yamasaki’s domed design for Lambert’s main air terminal became
the forerunner of modern terminal building plans. In 1951, the firm of Hellmuth,
Yamasaki, and Leinweber was commissioned to design and update the Lambert- St.
Louis Municipal Airport. In 1956, their design was the first building in St.
Louis to receive a National AIA Honor award. This building was originally
composed of three vaults, with a forth added in 1965. Yamasaki’s design became
a model for a new generation of airport terminals. Eero Saarinen’s designs for
the TWA terminal at John F. Kennedy Airport in New York, and the Dulles
Washington Airport terminal both echo the repetitive concrete vaults of Lambert
St. Louis Municipal Airport.[i]
For more information about this exciting project, including a list of
buildings for intensive research, mid-century modern properties, city map with
property locations, and property descriptions. Please visit: Mid-Century
Modern Survey
[i] Landmarks Association of St. Louis, Lambert
Field. Duffy, Robert W. ,http://www.landmarks-stl.org/architecture/lambert_field
[Accessed April 9th, 2013].
